Niveles de estrés y formas de afrontamiento en estudiantes de Medicina en comparación con estudiantes de otras escuela

Objetivo: Evaluar los niveles de estrés y formas de afrontarlo en alumnos de las facultades de Medicina, Derecho y Psicología de una universidad privada de Lima. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal analítico que involucró a estudiantes de tres carreras universitarias. Se utilizó el inventario SISCO de estrés académico y el cuestionario de afrontamiento del estrés (CAE). Se realizó la comparación de las medianas entre los puntajes obtenidos de ambos cuestionarios. Para el análisis inferencial se utilizaron las pruebas estadísticas de Kruskall Wallis, el test de Dunn (comparaciones múltiples post hoc) y el coeficiente de correlación por rangos de Spearman. Resultados: La edad media fue 19.5 ± 2.5 años, el 33.9% realizaba la carrera de Medicina y el 92.4% del total presentó preocupación o nerviosismo como manifestaciones de estrés. Los estudiantes de Medicina presentaron mayores niveles de estrés (mediana = 46.7) en comparación con los estudiantes de Psicología (mediana = 39.1) y Derecho (mediana = 40.2) (p < 0.05). Las formas de afrontamiento más frecuentes fueron la focalización en la solución del problema, la reevaluación positiva y la búsqueda de apoyo social. La forma de afrontamiento menos frecuente fue la religión. Conclusión: Los estudiantes de Medicina presentan mayores niveles de estrés. Las formas de afrontamiento más comunes son las denominadas activas: focalización en la solución del problema, reevaluación positiva y búsqueda de apoyo social.

Autor(es): La Rosa-Rojas, Gessely de; Chang-Grozo, Silvana; Delgado-Flores, Luis; Oliveros Lijap, Leila; Murillo Pérez, Diego; Ortiz-Lozada, Ricardo; Vela-Ulloa, Gundi; Yhuri Carreazo, Nilton
Fuente:  Gaceta Médica de México (Gac Med Mex)

URL:  http://hdl.handle.net/10757/578936

Listeria monocytogenes meningitis in immunocompetent children: unpasteurized cheese likely cause of infection

Listeria meningoencephalitis is a rare condition, occurring mainly in immunocompromised patients. We present two cases of Listeria monocytogenes meningoencephalitis in immunocompetent children, with successful treatment with betalactam/aminoglycoside combination. Unpasteurized cheese was postulated as the source of infection.

Author(s): Valdivia Tapia, María del C.; Pinelo Chumbe, Elizabeth; Carreazo, Nilton Y.
Source:  Revista Chilena de Infectología (Rev Chilena Infectol.)

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10757/578997

Validation of a Latin American scale regarding reasons for studying Medicine (MEM-12)

Background: One’s motivations to study medicine as a career might play an important role in the performance of the future professional. Objective: To validate a motivation for choosing medicine scale in Latin American medical students. Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional multi-centered study including a sample of medical students from eight Spanish-speaking countries. Using a previously adapted Spanish scale and previous qualitative research, an initial 24- ítem Likert-like scale was generated, and subjects’ comprehension of this scale was tested in a pilot study. We calculated item-test correlation. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using principal component analysis with oblimin rotation and Kaiser Normalization was performed. Statistical determination of the number of factors was based on the Kaiser criterion, the Cattell scree plot and an explained variance of 5%. Assignment of items was based on weak loadings greater than 0.35. Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach’s alpha (α). Results: 435 subjects were suitable for analysis; 55% were male subjects and the mean age was 21.7±2.7 years. Two items were excluded due to a low itemtest correlation. EFA initially showed five factors; however, three of them did not have adequate internal consistency and their exclusion did not affect the global internal consistency of the questionnaire. Finally, two six-item factors were included; i) social/altruistic (α=0.80) and ii) economic/prestige (α=0.71), revealed which together explained 45.5% of the variance and revealed an adequate global internal consistency (α=0.74). Conclusions: The generated scale is valid and reliable, and comprises two factors representing social and economic motivations. We recommend its use in assessing motivations regarding the choice of a medical career in Latin America.

Author(s): Mayta-Tristán, Percy; Mezones-Holguín, E.; Carbajal-Gonzalez, D.; Pereyra-Elías, R.; Montenegro-Idrogo, J.; 
Mejia, C. R.; Muñoz, S. Red-Lirhus
Source: Archivos de Medicina

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10757/577155

Congenital toxoplasmosis

Background: Toxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, is transmitted to humans in several ways, such as transplacental spread. It is estimated that this parasite infects a third of the world population and it is associated with congenital infection and fetal loss. Only 10 to 20% of the cases are symptomatic. Case report: We present the case of a pre-term newborn that had been referred to a tertiary care center. During the in-hospital period, diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis with many systemic manifestations was performed. Conclusions: Most cases of congenital toxoplasmosis are asymptomatic. Diagnosis tests and a complete physical examination should be performed on all newborns with suspicion of infection to detect all possible manifestations as in the case reported. © 2014 Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez. Published by Masson Doyma México S.A. All rights reserved.

Author(s): Beltrán-Flores, Santiago; Flores Arriaga, Joel; Lema Correa, Mauricio
Source:  Boletin medico del Hospital Infantil de Mexico

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10757/566973

Influencia de los factores socioculturales en el Trastorno de Conducta Alimentaria

En un artículo previo realizado por Behar et al., se indica la importancia de la relación de la insatisfacción corporal (IC) y del perfeccionismo (P) como factores predisponentes para desarrollar trastornos de conducta alimentaria (TCA)1 . Asimismo, el artículo destaca la importancia del estudio de los factores socioculturales vinculados con el incremento de la IC y, consecuentemente, de los TCA2 .

Autor(s): Zevallos Delzo, Carolina; Catacora Villasante, Manuel M.
Source: Revista chilena de neuro-psiquiatría (Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr.)
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10757/561283