Cost minimization analysis of intravenous infusions applied in inpatient and outpatient rheumatology service at a hospital in Lima, Peru

Objective: To measure the costs of therapy hospital intravenous infusion. vs outpatient service of Rheumatology, the National Hospital Edgardo Rebagilati Martins (HNERM) in Lima Peru, in 2009. Methods: The study design was a descriptive, retrospective and transversal. The population was comprised of all hospitalized patients (N =42) who received intravenous infusions of rituximab, pamidronate, infliximab, abatacept, tocilizumab, zoledronic acid and cyclophosphamide in the service of Rheumatology. Inclusion criteria were to be of both sexes over thirteen policyholders and / or beneficiaries of EsSalud. Medical and non-medical direct costs are for one year. A chip was developed, in which socioeconomic and demographic information requested type. The marginal costs of the alternatives were identified. Results: The study population was characterized by a greater proportion of female university level higher education, and prevalence of rheumatic diseases in the age group of 42-52 years and up. The total annual cost of hospitalization amounted to S / 472 726,21 (US $ 166 160,355); and for outpatient alternative to S / 416 092,25 (US $ 146 253,867), which make a difference in S / 56 633,96 (US $ 19 906,49) is equivalent to 12% savings. The management of outpatient intravenous infusions (in policyholders who have no hospitalization criteria) allowed reduce costs arising from hospitalization (hotel, food and staff). The biggest difference in this study was established hospitality costs (day bed), personnel costs and cost of lost productivity. Conclusions: The administration of intravenous infusions outpatients had lower costs for the institution and for the insured, thus optimizing resources.
Author(s): Gallegos Vergara, Clara; Best Bandenay, Pablo; Lozada Urbano, Michelle
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10757/579904

The convergence between competition law and intellectual property rights

Indecopi has within its functions the defense of free competition and the protection of intellectual property. This institutional design has the advantage of being able to see more clearly what are the points of convergence between the two subject-matter, harmonize them and achieve the goals they have in common. Within this convergence, there are sensitive issues as the granting of compulsory licenses. In this work, we highlight that compulsory licenses are exceptional measures and, to consider its granting, the State must have a procedure that provides confidence and predictability to citizens and clear definitions of what is meant by public interest, emergency and national security. Finally, it is proposed that the granting of compulsory licenses should be justified by a cost benefit analysis showing that is the best choice.
Author(s): Tassano Velaochaga, Hebert Eduardo
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10757/579905