Detection of Bordetella pertussis using a PCR test in infants younger 3 than one year old hospitalized with whooping cough in five 4 Peruvian hospitals

Objectives To report the incidence, epidemiology, and clinical features of Bordetella pertussis in Peruvian infants under 1 year old. Patients and methods A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in five hospitals in Peru from January 2010 to July 2012. A total of 392 infants under 1 year old were admitted with a clinical diagnosis of whooping cough and tested for B. pertussis by PCR. Results The pertussis toxin and IS481 genes were detected in 39.54% (155/392) of the cases. Infants aged less than 3 months were the most affected, with a prevalence of 73.55% (114/155). The most common household contact was the mother, identified in 20% (31/155) of cases. Paroxysm of coughing (89.03%, 138/155), cyanosis (68.39%, 106/155), respiratory distress (67.09%, 104/155), and breastfeeding difficulties (39.35%, 61/155) were the most frequent symptoms reported. Conclusion An increase in pertussis cases has been reported in recent years in Peru, despite national immunization efforts. Surveillance with PCR for B. pertussis is essential, especially in infants less than 1 year old, in whom a higher rate of disease-related complications and higher mortality have been reported.

Author(s): Castillo, María Esther; Bada, Carlos; Del Aguila, Olguita; Petrozzi Helasvuo, Verónica; Casabona Ore, Verónica;Reyes, Isabel; Del Valle Mendoza, Juana Mercedes ( 0000-0002-6011-5040 ) 
Source: International Society for Infectious Diseases (Int J Infect Dis)

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10757/582607

Producción científica de los decanos de las facultades de medicina en Perú

Señor editor: Se ha cuestionado si las instituciones médicas regulatorias apuestan por la investigación cientí- fica en Perú,1 pues a ésta se le subestima en procesos de calificación como el Comité Nacional de Residentado Médico y el Sistema de Certificación y Recertificación del Médico Cirujano y Médicos Especialistas,1 o debido a la pobre producción científica de los miembros de la Academia Nacional de Investigadores Médicos.

Author(s): Valenzuela Rodríguez, Germán; Herrera Añazco, Percy; Hernández, Adrián V.
Source: Salud Pública de México (Salud pública Méx)
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10757/582609

La depresión dentro de la atención primaria, ¿dónde estamos en este tema?

Señor editor: En los últimos años ha aumentado la conciencia sobre la importancia de la salud mental, lo que la convierte en prioridad para nuestros servicios de salud.1 Con cerca de 350 millones de afectados, la depresión es la décima causa de discapacidad global a nivel mundial (%DALY: 2.7) y la segunda en América (%DALY: 4.1).2 Además, tiene una fuerte asociación con la evolución de enfermedades crónicas3 como diabetes4 e hipertensión,5 y con enfermedades infecciosas crónicas como VIH6 y tuberculosis.7 Esto hace necesario incluir el manejo de la depresión dentro del plan de control de estos padecimientos.

Autores: Arroyo Garate, Rodrigo; Catter, Andrés; Gismondi Altamirano, Giancarlo
Fuente: Salud Pública de México (Salud pública Méx)
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10757/582608

Risk factors of small for gestational age neonates in a hospital of Lima, Peru

Objectives. Identify risk factors for at-term small for gestational age newborns. Materials and methods. Retrospective cohort study using data from the Maternal Perinatal Information System of the Maria Auxiliadora Hospital of Lima, from the period 2000-2010. Maternal age, parity, education level, marital status, pregestational body mass index, number of prenatal care visits, presence of conditions such as preeclampsia, eclampsia, urinary tract infection and gestational diabetes as risk factors in small for gestational age newborns were evaluated. The weight for gestational age was calculated based on Peruvian percentiles. Crude relative risk (RR) and adjusted (ARR) were calculated with confidence intervals of 95% using log-binomial generalized linear models. Results. 64,670 pregnant women were included. The incidence for small for gestational age was 7.2%. Preeclampsia (ARR 2.0, 95% CI: 1.86 to 2.15), eclampsia (ARR 3.22, 95% CI: 2.38 to 4.35), low maternal weight (ARR 1.38; 95% CI: 1.23 to 1.54), nulliparity (ARR 1.32, 95% CI: 1.23 to 1.42), age ≥35 years (ARR 1.16, 95% CI: 1.04 -1.29), having prenatal care visits from 0 to 2 (ARR 1.43, 95% CI: 1.32 to 1.55) and 3 to 5 (ARR 1.22, 95% CI: 1.14 to 1.32) were risk factors for small for gestational age. Conclusions. It is necessary to identify pregnant women with risk factors such as those found to decrease the condition of small for gestational age. Actions should emphasize modifiable factors, such as the frequency of prenatal care visits.

Author(s): Tejeda Mariaca, J. Eduardo; Pizango Mallqui, Orion; Alburquerque Duglio, Miguel; Mayta Tristán, Percy
Source: Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Pública (Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica)

URL:  http://hdl.handle.net/10757/582632

Cost-effectiveness analysis of 10- and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in Peru

Objective To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of introducing the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) versus the 13-valent PCV (PCV13) to the National Immunization Schedule in Peru for prevention of pneumococcal disease (PD) in children <5 years of age. Methods The integrated TRIVAC vaccine cost-effectiveness model from the Pan American Health Organization's ProVac Initiative (version 2.0) was applied from the perspective of the Government of Peru. Twenty successive cohorts of children from birth to 5 years were evaluated. Clinical outcomes were pneumococcal pneumonia (PP), pneumococcal meningitis (PM), pneumococcal sepsis (PS) and acute otitis media from any causes (AOM). Measures included prevention of cases, neurological sequelae (NS), auditory sequelae (AS), deaths and disability adjusted life years (DALYs). A sensitivity analyses was also performed. Findings For the 20 cohorts, net costs with PCV10 and PCV13 were US$ 363.26 million and US$ 408.26 million, respectively. PCV10 prevented 570,273 AOM; 79,937 PP; 2217 PM; 3049 PS; 282 NS; 173 AS; and 7512 deaths. PCV13 prevented 419,815 AOM; 112,331 PN; 3116 PM; 4285 PS; 404 NS; 248 AS; and 10,386 deaths. Avoided DALYs were 226,370 with PCV10 and 313,119 with PCV13. Saved treatment costs were US$ 37.39 million with PCV10 and US$ 47.22 million with PCV13. Costs per DALY averted were US$ 1605 for PCV10, and US$ 1304 for PCV13. Sensitivity analyses showed similar results. PCV13 has an extended dominance over PCV10. Conclusion Both pneumococcal vaccines are cost effective in the Peruvian context. Although the net cost of vaccination with PCV10 is lower, PCV13 prevented more deaths, pneumococcal complications and sequelae. Costs per each prevented DALY were lower with PCV13. Thus, PCV13 would be the preferred policy; PCV10 would also be reasonable (and cost-saving relative to the status quo) if for some reason 13-valent were not feasible.; This study was presented at 9th International Symposium of Pneumococci and Pneumococcal Diseases, Hyderabad, India, March 2014, and supported by the National Council of Science, Technology and Technological Innovation of Peru (CONCYTEC) and International Clinical Epidemiology Network (INCLEN Trust).

Author(s): Mezones Holguin, Edward; Canelo Aybara, Carlos; David Clark, Andrew; Bess Janusz, Cara; Jaúregui, Bárbara;Escobedo Palza, Seimer; Hernandez, Adrian V.; Berhane, Yemane; Vega Porras, Denhiking; González, Marco;Fiestas, Fabián; Toledo , Washington; Michele, Fabiana; Suárez, Víctor J.
Source: Vaccine
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10757/582635