Global variations in prevalence of eczema symptoms in children from ISAAC Phase Three.

Publisher: Mosby Inc.
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Issue Date: 2009-12-01
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10757/625751
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.10.009
PubMed ID: 20004783

Abstract

Background: In 1999, The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase One reported the prevalence of eczema symptoms in 715,033 children from 154 centers in 56 countries by using standardized epidemiologic tools. Objective: To update the world map of eczema prevalence after 5 to 10 years (ISAAC Phase Three) and include additional data from over 100 new centers. Methods: Cross-sectional surveys using the ISAAC questionnaire on eczema symptoms were completed by adolescents 13 to 14 years old and by parents of children 6 to 7 years old. Current eczema was defined as an itchy flexural rash in the past 12 months and was considered severe eczema if associated with 1 or more nights per week of sleep disturbance. Results: For the age group 6 to 7 years, data on 385,853 participants from 143 centers in 60 countries showed that the prevalence of current eczema ranged from 0.9% in India to 22.5% in Ecuador, with new data showing high values in Asia and Latin America. For the age group 13 to 14 years, data on 663,256 participants from 230 centers in 96 countries showed prevalence values ranging from 0.2% in China to 24.6% in Columbia with the highest values in Africa and Latin America. Current eczema was lower for boys than girls (odds ratio, 0.94 and 0.72 at ages 6 to 7 years and 13 to 14 years, respectively). Conclusion:ISAAC Phase Three provides comprehensive global data on the prevalence of eczema symptoms that is essential for public health planning. New data reveal that eczema is a disease of developing as well as developed countries.

Authors

Odhiambo, Joseph A
Williams, Hywel C
Clayton, Tadd O
Robertson, Colin F
Asher, M Innes
Chiarella, Pascual
ISAAC Phase Three Study Group.

Keywords

Children
Eczema
Global
ISAAC
Prevalence
Sex
Adolescent
Africa
Age distribution
Article
Asia
Child
China
Clinical assessment
Colombia
Cross-sectional study
Ecuador
Eczema
Epidemiological data
Evaluation
Female
Geographic distribution
Health care planning
Human
Major clinical study
Male
Preschool child
Prevalence
Priority journal
Public health service
Questionnaire
Rash
School child
Sex ratio
Skin manifestation
Sleep disorder

The International Study of Wheezing in Infants: questionnaire validation.

Publisher: Karger AG, Basel

Journal: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology

Issue Date: 2007-01-01

URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10757/625752

PubMed ID: 17505136

Abstract

Background: There are no internationally validated questionnaires to investigate the prevalence of infant wheezing. This study was undertaken to validate a questionnaire for the International Study on the Prevalence of Wheezing in Infants (Estudio Internacional de Sibilancias en Lactantes, EISL). Material and Methods: Construct and criterion validity were tested for the question 'Has your baby had wheezing or whistling in the chest during his/her first 12 months of life?'. Construct validity (i.e. the ability of parents and doctors to refer to the same symptoms with the same words) was tested in a sample of 50 wheezing and 50 non-wheezy infants 12-15 months of age in each of 10 centres from 6 different Spanish- or Portuguese-speaking countries. Criterion validity (i.e. the ability of parents to correctly detect the symptom in the general population) was evaluated in 2 samples (Santiago, Chile and Cartagena, Spain) of 50 wheezing and 50 non-wheezing infants (according to parents) of the same age, randomly selected from the general population, who were later blindly diagnosed by a paediatric pulmonologist. Results: Construct validity was very high (κ test: 0.98-1) in all centres. According to Youden's index, criterion validity was good both in Cartagena (75.5%) and in Santiago (67.0%). Adding questions about asthma medication did not improve diagnosis accuracy. Conclusions: The EISL questionnaire significantly distinguished wheezy infants from healthy ones. This questionnaire has a strong validity and can be employed in large international multicentre studies on wheezing during infancy.

Authors

Mallol, Javier
García-Marcos, Luis
Aguirre, Viviana
Martinez-Torres, Antonela
Perez-Fernández, Virginia
Gallardo, Alejandro
Calvo, Mario
Rosario Filho, Nelson
Rocha, Wilson
Fischer, Gilberto
Baeza-Bacab, Manuel
Chiarella, Pascual
Pinto, Rosario
Barria, Claudio

Keywords

Asthma

Children
Epidemiology
Infant
Questionnaire
Wheezing
Case-Control Studies
Cross-Sectional Studies
Humans
Infant
Latin America
Parents
Physicians
Prevalence
Recurrence
Respiratory Sounds
Spain

The impact of the method of consent on response rates in the ISAAC time trends study.

Publisher: International Union against Tubercul. and Lung Dis.

Journal: International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease

Issue Date: 2010-08-01

URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10757/625750

PubMed ID: 20626953

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Centres in Phases I and III of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) programme used the method of consent (passive or active) required by local ethics committees. METHODS: Retrospectively, relationships between achieved response rates and method of consent for 13-14 and 6-7-year-olds (adolescents and children, respectively), were examined between phases and between English and non-English language centres. RESULTS: Information was obtained for 113 of 115 centres for adolescents and 72/72 centres for children. Both age groups: most centres using passive consent achieved high response rates (>80% adolescents and >70% children). English language centres using active consent showed a larger decrease in response rate. Adolescents: seven centres changed from passive consent in Phase I to active consent in Phase III (median decrease of 13%), with five centres showing lower response rates (as low as 34%). Children: no centre changed consent method between phases. Centres using active consent had lower median response rates (lowest response rate 45%). CONCLUSION: The requirement for active consent for population school-based questionnaire studies can impact negatively on response rates, particularly English language centres, thus adversely affecting the validity of the data. Ethics committees need to consider this issue carefully.

Authors

Ellwood, P
Asher, M I
Stewart, A W
Chiarella, Pacual
ISAAC Phase III Study Group

Keywords

Asthma
Children
Consent
Epidemiology
ISAAC
Adolescent
Child
Consent Forms
Cross-Sectional Studies
Female
Global Health
Health Surveys
Humans
Hypersensitivity
Male
Prevalence
Time Factors

Centro de rehabilitación mental en Pachacamac con énfasis en la fenomenología arquitectónica

Other Titles: Mental Rehabilitation Center in Pachacamac with emphasis on Architectural Phenomenology

Publisher: Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC)

Issue Date: 2019-05-16

URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10757/625784

Abstract

In Peru, one of seven persons has some type of disability that interferes with their personal, familiar, academic work and/or social performance. In regards to disability due to mental disorders, one in three persons in Peru will have a mental health problem throughout their lives. Despite this situation, people who need care do not receive it because of several reasons, reaching almost 80% of people that do not receive adequate treatment. The Peruvian hospital architecture has not evolved according to the international trends since the mid XX century. The new typology for hospitals has incorporate an improvement in the infrastructure, location and the pertinent materials for a comfortable stay of the patients. For this reason, this project will be based on the investigation on all the necessary terms in order to design an optical Mental Health Center, emphasizing the architectural phenomenology, spaces that induce reflection, introspection and silence, these forms go according to the new psychiatric tendencies where it is incorporated into the community as a means of healing. For this, national and international projects will be analyzed in 4 criteria: context, concept, function and technique. Besides, different ground floors will be analyzed in the south of Lima, specifically in Pachacamac, based on different regulations according to the architectural typology proposed. Finally, there will be an architectural design project, based on the research. It is hoped that this investigation will be contributed to improving the design vision for the psychiatric architecture in the country of Peru.

En el Perú, uno de cada siete peruanos tiene algún tipo de discapacidad que interfiere con su desempeño personal, familiar, académico, laboral y/o social. En lo que refiere a la discapacidad por trastornos mentales, uno de cada tres peruanos presentará algún problema de la salud mental a lo largo de su vida. A pesar de esta coyuntura, las personas que necesitan atención no la reciben debido a varias razones, llegando al 80% de las personas no reciben tratamiento adecuado. La arquitectura hospitalaria peruana no ha evolucionado acorde a las tendencias internacionales que se vienen dando desde mitad del siglo XX. Estas tendencias buscan una mejoría constante en la infraestructura, emplazamiento y los materiales pertinentes para una estadía cómoda de los pacientes. Por tal motivo, este proyecto se basará en la investigación de todo lo necesario para diseñar un edificio, con énfasis en fenomenología arquitectónica, espacios que inducen a la reflexión, introspección y silencio; que vaya acorde con las nuevas tendencias psiquiátricas donde se incorpore a la comunidad como medio de sanación. Se analizarán proyectos referenciales nacionales e internacionales exponiendo sus ventajas y desventajas en cuanto a 4 criterios: contexto, concepto, función y técnico. Se analizarán los terrenos tentativos al sur de Lima, específicamente en Pachacamac, a base a criterios establecidos por análisis previamente mencionado y por la normativa según el tipo de establecimiento propuesto. Finalmente, se da a conocer el diseño de un proyecto como conclusión de todo lo investigado. Se espera que esta investigación contribuya a mejorar la visión de diseño para la arquitectura psiquiátrica en el país dado que la situación actual lo amerita.

Authors

Blondet Casavilca, Diana Alejandra María

Advisors

Rivarola Vasallo, Marcos Orlando Robert

Keywords

Centros de rehabilitación
Hospitales psiquiátricos
Salud mental
Diseño arquitectónico
Proyectos arquitectónicos
Edificios para la salud
Arquitectura
Pachacamac (Lima, Perú)

C. M. T. I. Centro Médico de Terapia Integral

Other Titles: Medical Center of Integral Therapy

Publisher: Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC)

URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10757/625783

Abstract

This research proposes, with its critical approach, an architectural typology with an emphasis on natural light for an unconventional therapy center in the district of Pachacámac, Lima-Peru. In this line, we try to show how, through architectural design and work with natural light, we could complement, enrich and enhance, with a preventive approach, the experiences of patients who carry out medical treatments guided by traditional therapies, with a reactive approach. In this line, this thesis consists of six chapters. The first introduces the basic assumptions to understand the problem that serves as the basis for our objectives, as well as the scope and limitations of this research. The second chapter develops the theoretical-referential framework and abounds on the differences between traditional medicine, focused on the disease, and holistic medicine, focused on the person, critically approaching its advantages and disadvantages through the use of non-architectural terms. The third chapter describes the architectural conceptual framework with some referential projects in view. The fourth and fifth chapters deal with the characteristics of the place and the profile of the user: both chapters provide critical elements to elaborate, in the sixth chapter, the architectural program with seven functional modules for a total area constructed of 5,536 m2. In short, a Medical Center of Integral Therapy is located in Pachacámac, which has all the benefits of typological design analyzed and described and, therefore, incorporates as a fundamental element, inescapable, the emotional-sensitive aspect of the human person in the implementation of clinical treatment.

La presente investigación propone, con su planteamiento crítico, una tipología arquitectónica con énfasis en la luz natural para un centro de terapia no convencional en el distrito de Pachacámac, Lima-Perú. En esa línea, se procura mostrar cómo por medio del diseño arquitectónico y el trabajo con la luz natural se podría llegar a complementar, enriquecer y potenciar, con un enfoque preventivo, las experiencias de los pacientes que llevan a cabo tratamientos médicos orientados desde las terapias tradicionales, de enfoque reactivo. La tesis consta de seis capítulos. El primero introduce los presupuestos básicos para comprender la problemática que sirve de base a nuestros objetivos, así como los alcances y las limitaciones de la presente investigación. El segundo capítulo desarrolla el marco teórico-referencial y abunda sobre las diferencias entre la medicina tradicional, centrada en la enfermedad, y la medicina integral, centrada en la persona, aproximándose críticamente a sus ventajas y desventajas mediante el empleo de términos no arquitectónicos. El capítulo tercero describe el marco conceptual arquitectónico teniendo a la vista algunos proyectos referenciales. En los capítulos cuarto y quinto se trata sobre las características del lugar y el perfil del usuario: ambos capítulos aportan elementos críticos para elaborar, en el capítulo sexto, el programa arquitectónico. En suma, se plantea un Centro Médico de Terapia Integral ubicado en Pachacámac, que cuente con todos los beneficios de diseño tipológico analizado y descrito y que, por consiguiente, incorpore como elemento fundamental, ineludible, el aspecto emocional-sensitivo de la persona humana en la implementación del tratamiento clínico.

Authors

Tupayachi Serrano, Erika Pamela

Advisors

Mejía Lucar, Lester

Keywords

Edificios para la salud
Luz en arquitectura
Diseño arquitectónico
Proyectos arquitectónicos
Arquitectura
Pachacamac (Lima, Perú)