Nutrition transition in Peru, 1991-2005

Nutrition transition is a process including changes in the nutritional profile of populations. Many developing countries, including Peru, are in transition. Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the variation of the nutritional profile of Peruvian children, mothers in reproductive age and families between 1991 and 2005. Material and methods: using available information from databases from Peruvian Health and Demographic National Surveys, between 1991 and 2005, we described the prevalence of malnutrition in Peruvian children less than 5 years of age, mothers in reproductive age, and families, at the national, regional, and socioeconomic level, and by residence area (urban/rural). Results: Stunting in children has been high and constant since 1996. Overweight in children has increased, mainly in Lima and the Coast. Overweight and obesity are the main nutritional problems of mothers in reproductive age, which have increased in Lima and the Coast. Coexistence of child stunting and maternal obesity at the family level has been low and without specific trend. Conclusions: The Peruvian nutritional profile is in transition. The main components are the high prevalence of stunting in children and the increase of maternal overweight and obesity. This findings show that Peruvian population is posed at a high risk of developing diseases related to both extremes of nutrition.
Authors: Mispireta, Mónica L.; Rosas, Ángel M.; Velásquez, José E.; Lescano, Andrés G.; Lanata, Claudio F.
Source: Rev. perú. med. exp. salud publica

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10757/324668

Severity of the gastroenteritis caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus of the pand emic group in Peru

Objective. To determine the epidemiological and clinic characteristics of gastroenteritis caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains of the pandemic group in Peru. Material and methods. Clinical and laboratory records were searched in 100 cases of gastroenteritis caused by V parahaemolyticus, either of the pandemic or non pandemic group. Clinical and epidemiological data were collected and statistical analysis was done to evaluate if the severity of illness was associated with the pandemic group. Results. Epidemiological data were collected in 85% of cases, and clinical data were only available in 37% of cases, mainly on those hospitalized. Cases associated with the pandemic strains had a higher probability of liquid stools (96.3% vs. 62.5%, p<0.05), moderate or severe dehydration (100% vs. 60%, p<0.05), and hospital care (98% vs. 42.9%, p<0.0001). Cases aged thirty or older were associated with the pandemic strains (63% vs. 39.5%, p<0.05). Conclusions. Vibrio parahaemolyticus of the pandemic group causes more severe gastrointestinal disease than none pandemic strains, with higher probability of requiring hospital care. Based on this report, it is advisable to include the identification of V. parahaemolyticus in the etiological diagnosis of agents causing severe gastroenteritis in the Peruvian health system.
Authors: Gil, Ana I.; Lanata, Claudio F.; Miranda, Hernán; Prada, Ana; Seas, Carlos; Hall, Eric R.; Meza, Rina; Barreno, Carmen M.; Maúrtua, Dora; G. Balakrish Nair
Source: Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10757/324685

The Cocoon Strategy: Does it work for Latin American countries?

To the Editor: We read with interest the report by Esolen and Kilheeney1 about the mandatory pertussis immunization campaign for health care workers (HCWs) in their health system.1 They assert that this intervention was implemented because nonimmune adults play a significant role in transmitting the disease and their vaccination prevents it. We agree and we would like to strengthen their argument with the idea that it is also known that non-HCW adults and adolescents are reservoirs of the bacteria and a potential source of infection, especially for infants younger than age 2 months who are unprotected and at higher risk of lethal disease because schedules all over the world initiate pertussis vaccination during the sixth week of life and beyond.2

Pertussis incidence has risen worldwide during the past few years,3 and obviously has reached Peru, which received a national epidemiologic alert during August 2012.4 Comparing cases reported with 2011, the final 2012 number was greater than double. This represents a high risk for the development of a wide epidemic in Peru.
Authors: Cáceres Mejía, Brenda; Pereyra Elías, Reneé; Suárez Ognio, Luis
Source: Am J Infect Control
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10757/324587

Cecal solitary ulcer as a presentation of Crohn´s disease

Crohn’s Disease, is a rare inflammatory bowel disease in Perú. Incidence rates vary from 1,6 – 14,6 / 100 000 and prevalence rate is 140 / 100000 in the western hemisphere. We report a case of 52 y.o male patient from Callao Peru, with a colonoscopy image of a solitary cecal ulcer and without other gastrointestinal findings and a histology suggestive of Crohn’s Disease with a ASCA positive and p –ANCA negative.
Authors: Guzman Calderon, Edson; Montes Teves, Pedro
Source: Rev. gastroenterol. Perú
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10757/324131

Erosive cola-based drinks affect the bonding to enamel surface: an in vitro study

Objective: This study aimed to assess the impact of in vitro erosion provoked by different cola-based drinks (Coke types), associated or not with toothbrushing, to bonding to enamel. Material and methods: Forty-six bovine enamel specimens were prepared and randomly assigned into seven groups (N=8): C- Control (neither eroded nor abraded), ERO-RC: 3x/1-minute immersion in Regular Coke (RC), ERO-LC: 3x/1-minute immersion in Light Coke (LC), ERO-ZC: 3x/1-minute immersion in Zero Coke (ZC) and three other eroded groups, subsequently abraded for 1-minute toothbrushing (EROAB-RC, EROAB-LC and EROAB-ZC, respectively). After challenges, they were stored overnight in artificial saliva for a total of 24 hours and restored with Adper Single Bond 2/Filtek Z350. Buildup coronal surfaces were cut in 1 mm2-specimens and subjected to a microtensile test. Data were statistically analyzed by two-way ANOVA/Bonferroni tests (a=0.05). Failure modes were assessed by optical microscopy (X40). The Interface of the restorations were observed using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). Results: All tested cola-based drinks significantly reduced the bond strength, which was also observed in the analyses of interfaces. Toothbrushing did not have any impact on the bond strength. CLSM showed that except for Zero Coke, all eroded specimens resulted in irregular hybrid layer formation. Conclusions: All cola-based drinks reduced the bond strength. Different patterns of hybrid layers were obtained revealing their impact, except for ZC.
Authors: Casas Apayco, Leslie Caroll; Dreibi, Vanessa Manzini; Hipólito, Ana Carolina; Graeff, Márcia Sirlene Zardin;Rios, Daniela; Magalhaes, Ana Carolina; Buzalaf, Marília Afonso Rabelo; Wang, Linda
Source: J. Appl. Oral Sci

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10757/324186