Rectal mucosal prolapse syndrome: study of cases. Hospital Daniel A Carrion, Lima, Peru, 2010-2013

Objective: to describe the clinical, endoscopic, and histological characteristics of rectal mucosal prolapse syndrome, formerly known as Solitary rectal ulcer, in patients from a general hospital. Material and methods: All patient diagnosed as rectal mucosal prolapse syndrome during 2010-2013 was selected; the medical history war reviewed and the histological slides were reevaluated by two pathologists. Results: 17 cases of rectal mucosal prolapse syndrome were selected, the majority were males under 50 years, the most common clinical findings were rectal bleeding (82%) and constipation (65%), the endocopic findings were heterogeneous,: erythema (41%), ulcers (35%) and elevated lesions (29%). All cases presented fibromuscular hyperplasia in lamina propia and crypt distortion in the microscopic evaluation. Conclusion: In our study of rectal mucosal prolapse syndrome. The most common clinical findings were rectal bleeding and constipation. Erythematous mucosa was the most common endoscopic finding.; Objetivo: Describir el espectro clínico endoscópico e histológico de síndrome de prolapso de mucosa rectal, antes llamado ulcera rectal solitaria, en pacientes de un hospital general. Material y métodos: Se recolectaron los casos diagnosticados como síndrome de prolapso de mucosa rectal durante los años 2010-2013. Las historias clínicas fueron revisadas y las láminas fueron reevaluadas por 2 patólogos. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 17 casos de prolapso de mucosa rectal, la mayoría en varones menores de 50 años, los hallazgos clínicos más frecuentes fueron rectorragia (82%) y constipación (65%), con hallazgos endoscópicos muy variables que incluyó eritema (41%), ulceras (35%) y lesiones elevadas (29%). Todos los casos presentaron hiperplasia fibromuscular en lámina propia y distorsión de criptas en la evaluación histológica Conclusión: En nuestro estudio de síndrome de prolapso de mucosa rectal la rectorragia y la constipación fueron los hallazgos clínicos más frecuentes. El eritema mucoso fue la presentación endoscópica más frecuente.
Authors: Arévalo Suarez, Fernando; Cárdenas Vela, Irene; Rodríguez Rodríguez, Kriss; Pérez Narrea, María Teresa;Rodríguez Vargas, Omar; Montes Teves, Pedro; Monge Salgado, Eduardo
Source: Rev. gastroenterol. Perú

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10757/323460

Probiotics, prebiotics, and symbiotics in the irritable bowel syndrome

Irritable intestine syndrome is a common condition that affects millions of persons all over the world. It has a significant impact in the quality of life of affected persons, influencing their social and working environments and leading to individual suffering and a macroeconomic impact because of increased absenteeism and poor working performance. Prebiotics and probiotics are supplements of nondigestible diet, made up of some chemicals and live microorganisms (bacteria or yeasts from the intestinal commensal flora), which, when ingested in optimal amounts (symbiotic therapy), are beneficial for human health. With no doubt, the intestinal mucosa is the greatest surface in the human body exposed to external stimuli, and it also contains a high proportion of immune cells. Any alteration in homeostasis between beneficial and potentially harmful microorganisms in the intestinal microflora is expressed as an increased risk for the occurrence of infectious and immune and inflammatory diseases; therefore, prebiotics and probiotics may help to maintain a harmonic environment in the intestine.
Authors: Guzmán Calderón, Edson; Montes Teves, Pedro; Monge Salgado, Eduardo
Source: Acta méd. peruana

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10757/323261

Cytomegalovirus pancreatitis in immunocompromised patients: A case report

We report two cases of pancreatitis secondary to cytomegalovirus infections which were tested by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in patients with human immunodefi ciency virus (HIV). Other causes were ruled out by laboratory fi ndings. Both patients were treated with ganciclovir and improved clinically and as indicated by laboratory fi ndings. This condition should not be ignored in HIV-positive patients in spite of the absence of the clinical characteristics of acute pancreatitis.
Authors: Salazar-Huayna, Lourdes; Vélez-Segovia, Eduardo; Ruelas-Figueroa, José; Mendo-Urbina, Fernando; Montiel-Gonzales, Marco
Source: Rev Col Gastroenterol
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10757/322906

Passive smoking could still represent a risk factor in Mexican children with asthma

We have read with interest the article by Bedolla et al. [1] and we believe the lack of association between passive smoking and asthma might be a consequence of the way the variable was measured. They defined passive smoking as follows: “smoking was considered as passive when one or more cigarettes were consumed by one or by both parents in the presence of the children”. We would like to highlight some factors that could have been taken into count when defining this variable: time of smoking, frequency and number of cigarettes.
Authors: Pinedo Pichilingue, Aranza; Quijano Ono, Javier
Source: Asia Pacific Allergy

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10757/322423

Hepatitis B virus, syphilis, and HIV seroprevalence in pregnant women and their male partners from six indigenous populations of the Peruvian Amazon Basin, 2007–2008

Objective: To assess the seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), syphilis, and HIV and associated risk factors in pregnant women and their male partners from six indigenous populations of the Peruvian Amazon Basin. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in six indigenous populations from the Peruvian Amazon Basin. Blood samples were obtained and tested for HBV (antibodies to the hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)), for syphilis (rapid plasma reagin and microhemagglutination assay for Treponema pallidum antibodies), and for HIV (ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence test). A survey was also performed to identify associated risk factors. Results: One thousand two hundred and fifty-one pregnant women and 778 male partners were enrolled in the study. The seroprevalence of anti-HBc in pregnant women was 42.06% (95% confidence interval (CI) 39.28–44.85%) and in their male partners was 54.09% (95% CI 50.32–57.86%). The seroprevalence of HBsAg in pregnant women was 2.11% (95% CI 0.78–3.44%) and in their male partners was 3.98% (95% CI 1.87–6.08%). The seroprevalence of syphilis in pregnant women was 1.60% (95% CI 0.86–2.33%) and in their male partners was 2.44% (95% CI 1.22–3.66%). HIV seroprevalence in pregnant women was 0.16% (95% CI 0.02–0.58%) and in their male partners was 0.29% (95% CI 0.04–1.03%). Sexual risk factors were strongly related to blood markers of syphilis and HBV. Conclusions: Hepatitis B was found to be hyperendemic and strongly related to sexual factors, suggesting an important sexual component in the transmission of the disease in the populations studied. Syphilis was found to have an endemicity in pregnant women above the national level and this may be indicative of high mother-to-child transmission. HIV has started to show its presence in indigenous populations of the Amazon Basin and the results suggest the epidemic is concentrated.
Authors:Ormaeche, Melvy; Whittembury, Alvaro; Pun, Mónica; Suárez Ognio, Luis
Source:Int J Infect Dis

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10757/323397